Seborrheic Dermatitis is a skin condition. Also known as "Seborrheic Eczema". Seborrheic dermatitis or seborrheic eczema is a skin disease that usually affects the scalp and oily areas of the body, like the back, face, and upper chest. On the scalp, the disease causes red skin, dandruff and scaly.
Causes of Seborrheic Dermatitis
Cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unclear, though various factors such as hormonal factors, fungal infections, nutritional deficiencies, suspected neurogenic factors associated with this condition. According to Juanda (1999) predisposing factors are constitutional disorders such as seborrheic status.
The involvement of hormonal factors may explain why this condition can strike in infants, spontaneously disappear and then reappear after puberty.
Another factor contributing to the occurrence of seborrheic dermatitis is associated with a proliferation of Malassezia species which are found in the skin as normal flora. This genus of yeast, dominant and is found in seborrheic areas of the body that contains many sebaceous lipids (eg, head, body, back). Selden (2005) states that Malassezia not cause seborrheic dermatitis but it is a cofactor that is associated with depression of T cells, increasing the levels of sebum and complement activation. Seborrheic dermatitis is also associated with nutritional deficiencies suspected but no one has stated the reasons why this can occur.
In patients with central nervous system disorders (Parkinson's disease, cranial nerve palsy, major truncal paralyses) also tend to develop seborrheic dermatitis broad and difficult to cure. According to Johnson (2000) occurrence of seborrheic dermatitis in these patients as a result of increased sebum heap caused less movement. Increased sebum may be the development of P. ovale, thereby inducing seborrheic dermatitis. Genetic and environmental factors may predispose certain populations, such as comorbid diseases, for the development of seborrheic dermatitis. Although seborrheic dermatitis is only found in 3% of the population, but the incidence in AIDS patients can reach 85%. The exact mechanism of AIDS virus infections stimulate the onset of seborrheic dermatitis (inflammatory disease or other chronic skin) is unknown.
Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions for Seborrheic Eczema
Impaired skin integrity related to the dryness of the skin
Goal:
The skin returns to normal.
Expected outcomes:
Clients will maintain the skin in order to have good hydration and the decrease inflammation, characterized by expressing increased skin comfort, reduced the degree of exfoliation, reduced redness, blisters reduced due to scratching, healing area of skin that has been damaged.
Intervention:
1. The shower at least once a day for 15-20 minutes. Immediately apply ointment or cream that had been prescribed after a shower. Shower more frequently if signs and symptoms increased.
Rationale: With the bath water will seep into the skin saturation. Application of moisturizing cream for 2-4 minutes after bathing to prevent water evaporation from the skin.
2. Use warm water, not hot water.
Rationale: The hot water causes vasodilation which will improve pruritus.
3. Use a moisturizing soap or soap for sensitive skin. Avoid bubble bath.
Rationale: soaps which contain moisturizers, less alkaline content and does not make dry skin, dry soap may increase complaints.
4. Apply / give an ointment or cream that had been prescribed two or three times per day.
Rationale: The ointment or cream will hydrate the skin.