Nursing Diagnosis for Hemorrhagic Stroke

Nursing Diagnosis for Hemorrhagic Stroke

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Hemorrhagic stroke involves bleeding within the brain, which damages nearby brain tissue.

Causes

Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel bursts inside the brain. The brain is very sensitive to bleeding and damage can occur very rapidly. Bleeding irritates the brain tissue, causing swelling. Bleeding collects into a mass called a hematoma. Bleeding also increases pressure on the brain and presses it against the skull.
Hemorrhagic strokes are grouped according to location of the blood vessel:

• Intracerebral hemorrhage: Bleeding in the brain
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Bleeding in the area between the brain and the thin tissues that cover the brain

Hemorrhagic stroke is most often due to high blood pressure, which stresses the artery walls until they break.
Other causes of hemorrhagic stroke include:

• Aneurysms, which create a weak spot in an artery wall, which can eventually burst
• Abnormal connections between arteries and veins, such as an arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
• Cancer, particularly cancer that spreads to the brain from distant organs such as the breast, skin, and thyroid
• Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a build up of amyloid protein within the artery walls in the brain, which makes bleeding more likely
• Conditions or medications (such as aspirin or Warfarin) that can make you bleed excessively
• Illicit drugs, such as cocaine

Nursing Diagnosis for Hemorrhagic Stroke

1. Ineffective tissue perfusion (cerebral) related to bleeding or vasospasm
2. Disturbed sensory perception related to medically imposed restrictions (aneurysm precautions)
3. Anxiety related to illness and/or medically imposed restrictions (aneurysm precautions)