Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease that is usually found in the digestive tract with symptoms of fever more than one week, digestive tract disorders and disorders of consciousness.
Typhoid fever is an acute systemic infection of the small intestine caused by Salmonella typhi infection. These organisms enter through food and beverages that have been contaminated by faeces or urine of infected people with salmonella. Typhoid is also called paratyphoid fever, enteric fever, typhoid and typhus abdominalis.
Clinical symptoms of typhoid fever vary greatly, from mild clinical symptoms and do not require special treatment to severe and should be treated. Variations of these symptoms due to Salmonella strain factors, nutritional and immunological status of the host as well as a long illness at home.
Clinical symptoms of typhoid fever in children is usually lighter when compared with adult patients. The average incubation period of 10-20 days. During the incubation period may be found prodromal symptoms, ie the feeling of malaise, lethargy, headache, dizziness, and was not excited.
Generally clinical symptoms arise 8-14 days after infection characterized by fever that does not go down, for more than 1 week, especially in the afternoon, the typical pattern of fever is not hike down for more than 1 week, especially afternoon, fever typical pattern is the increase indirect high, but gradually as stairs (stepladder), severe headache, muscle aches, loss of appetite (anorexia), nausea, vomiting, often difficult bowel movement (constipation) and vice versa may occur diarrhea.
Complication :
- Intestinal perforation at the site of inoculation, usually the ileum, occurs in 0.5-3% and severe gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 1 to 10% of children with typhoid fever.
- Toxic encephalopathy, cerebral thrombosis, acute cerebellar ataxia, optic neuritis, aphasia, deafness, as well as acute cholecystitis may occur.
- Pneumonia is common during the second stage of the disease, but is caused by superinfection.
4 Nursing Diagnosis for Typhoid Fever
- Risk for Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances related to hyperthermia and vomiting .
- Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition : Less than Body Requirements related to inadequate intake.
- Hyperthermia related to the process of infection, salmonella thypi
- Deficient Knowledge : about the disease related to lack of information or inadequate information